Tambourine

The tambourine is basically a frame drum with metal jingles attached to its rim. Some versions have a skin stretched across the frame; others are just a frame with jingles and no skin at all. The jingles are what define it—they shimmer and ring when the drum is struck or shaken. This distinguishes it from a plain frame drum.

Different musical traditions adapted the tambourine to their own needs. In Brazilian samba, it becomes the pandeiro, played with rapid fingering techniques that create intricate grooves. In Middle Eastern music, it's the riq, where players use precision and delicate touches to make the jingles shimmer beneath melody lines. In South Indian classical music, the kanjira is a small frame drum with jingles, played with the fingers in patterns that complement the tabla and other instruments.

How a player holds, strikes, and moves the tambourine shapes its sound and role in each tradition. The technique varies widely—some traditions favor quick finger work, others emphasize the shake and the resonance of the frame itself. Each approach serves the music it accompanies.